| Three-Dimensional Echocardiography State-of-the-art 1999
Jos R.T.C. Roelandt
June-August 1999, 1(4):102-115
Three-dimensional echocardiography depicts the heart and its structures in their realistic forms. This capability decreases variability both in the quality and the interpretation of complex pathology, among investigators. Therefore, it is likely that the method will become the standard echocardiography examination in the future. The availability and versatility of the volumetric data set obtained allows retrieval of an infinite number of cardiac cross-sections. The technique, by obviating geometric assumptions, is more accurate and reproducible for measurements of valve areas, masses and cavity volumes. In the future, additional information will be provided by new physiologic parameters, which may provide answers to new clinical questions.
Three-dimensional imaging to objectively view the heart and its structures is already “state-of-theart.” However, progress in three-dimensional echocardiography has been rather slow since the first attempts were made in the early 1970s. In its early stage, three-dimensional echocardiography was applied mainly in volume measurement of the ventricles using multiple cross-sectional images that employ laborious manual tracing of the cardiac borders.[1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8] Reconstruction of those tracings into static wireframe pictures demonstrated the shape of the ventricular cavity, but did not provide tissue-depicting information.[9],[10],[11] Recently, along with the rapid evolution in computer technology, three-dimensional echocardiography has grown into a well-developed imaging modality, able to display dynamic images of cardiac structures in their realistic forms that depict depth and contain tissue information.[12],[13],[14],[15],[16] Many clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that the method is now ready for clinical application.[17],[18],[19],[20],[21],[22]
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